Age and sequence of emergence of permanent teeth in a population of Costa Rican school children / Edad y secuencia de erupción de la dentición permanente en una población de niños escolares en Costa Rica

ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to determine the average age and sequence of eruption of permanent dentition in the school population of the province of Cartago, Costa Rica. Methods: A cross-sectional observational study included children between the ages of 5 and 12 from public and private schools. Clinical examination was performed, and the presence or absence of permanent teeth recorded. Statistical analysis: An estimation of means of eruption was used through binary variables, building the probabilities of the presence of a dental piece through a logistic regression. Results: 833 children were examined: 433 (51.90%) girls and 400 (48.10%) boys. The permanent teeth erupt first in the female sex; however, this difference is not statistically significant. The maxilla eruption sequence for girls was 6-1-2-4-3-5-7 on both sides; for boys, the sequence of eruption was 6-1-2-4-5-3-7 for the right side and 6-1-2-4-3-5-7 for the left side. In the jaw, the sequence in boys was 6-1- 2-3-4-5-7, and in girls, 1-6-2-3-4-5-7. Conclusions: For the first time, at the Central American Level, the pattern of permanent dentition eruption could be established. The age of permanent dental eruption does not vary according to sex in this population.

RESUMEN: El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la edad promedio y la secuencia de erupción de la dentición permanente en la población escolar de la provincia de Cartago, Costa Rica. Metodología: se realizó un estudio transversal que incluyó niños con edades comprendidas entre los 5 y 12 años provenientes de escuelas públicas y privadas. Se realizó un examen clínico y se registró la presencia o ausencia de dientes permanentes. Análisis estadístico: se utilizó una estimación de las medias de erupción a través de variables binarias, construyendo las probabilidades de la presencia de una pieza dental por medio de una regresión logística. Resultados: se examinaron 833 sujetos: 433 (51,90%) niñas y 400 (48,10%) niños. Los dientes permanentes erupcionaron primero en el sexo femenino, sin embargo, esa diferencia no fue estadísticamente significativa. La secuencia de erupción maxilar para las niñas fue 6-1-2-4-3-5-7 en ambos lados; para los niños la secuencia fue 6-1-2-4-5-3-7 para el lado derecho y 6-1-2-4-3-5-7 para el lado izquierdo. En la mandíbula, la secuencia en los niños fue de 6-1-2-3-4-5-7-, y en las niñas fue de 1-6-2-3-4-5-7. Conclusiones: por primera vez a nivel de Centroamérica se pudo establecer el patrón de erupción de la dentición permanente. La edad de erupción dental permanente no varía según el sexo en esta población.

Timing of permanent tooth emergence is associated with overweight/obesity in children from the amazon region

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between timing of permanent tooth emergence with overweight and obesity in children from Brazilian Amazon region. The studied population consisted of 192 children, 09 to 12 year-old, from public schools at Manaus, Amazonas-Brazil. Clinical examination was performed and the tooth emergence was evaluated according to the number of permanent erupted teeth. Body mass index z-score was calculated. For the statistical analysis 'Overweight/obese' group was compared with 'Normal weight' group in a case to control ratio 1:2. The t-test based on age was used for means comparison between the groups. A linear regression analysis using age and gender as co-variants was used. The established alpha was 5%. One hundred twenty-seven children were classified as normal weight and 65 were classified as overweight/obese (49 were overweight and 16 were obese). Overweight/obesity condition was associated with the gender, in which boys had a higher chance to present higher weight conditions (OR=1.84; CI 95% 1.06-3.37; p=0.04). The mean number of permanent teeth was higher in the overweight/obesity group (p<0.001). Linear regression analysis demonstrated that nutritional status, gender and age were strongly associated with number of permanent erupted teeth (p<0.05). In conclusion, our study demonstrated that timing of permanent tooth emergence is associated with overweigh/obesity in children from Manaus, Brazil.

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar se a erupção dentária está associada com sobrepeso/obesidade em crianças da região Amazônica brasileira. A população estudada foi composta por 192 crianças, de 9 a 12 anos, de escolas públicas de Manaus, Amazonas-Brasil. O exame clínico foi realizado e a erupção dentária foi avaliada de acordo com o número de dentes permanentes irrompidos. O índice de massa corporal escore-z foi calculado. Para a análise estatística, comparou-se o grupo "sobrepeso / obesidade" com o grupo "peso normal" em uma proporção de controle 1: 2. O teste t baseado na idade foi utilizado para comparação das médias entre os grupos. Uma análise de regressão linear usando idade e sexo como co-variáveis foi utilizada. O alfa estabelecido foi de 5%. Cento e vinte e sete crianças foram classificadas com peso normal e 65 foram classificados com sobrepeso / obesidade (49 com sobrepeso e 16 com obesidade). A condição de sobrepeso / obesidade associou-se ao gênero, no qual os meninos tiveram maior chance de apresentar condições de maior peso (OR = 1,84; IC 95% 1,06-3,37; p = 0,04). O número médio de dentes permanentes irrompidos foi maior no grupo sobrepeso / obesidade (p <0,001). A análise de regressão linear demonstrou que o estado nutricional, sexo e idade foram fortemente associados ao número de dentes permanentes irrompidos (p <0,05). Concluindo, nosso estudo demonstrou que o momento da erupção dos dentes permanentes é associado com sobrepeso / obesidade em crianças de Manaus, Brasil.

The timing and sequence of emergence of permanent teeth in Malay schoolchildren in Kota Bharu, Malaysia

The purpose of this study was to determine the timing and sequence of emergence of the first 28 permanent teeth in a cross-section of Malay children in the district of Kota Bharu, in northeastern Peninsula Malaysia. The sample consists of 478 boys and 908 girls of Malay descent aged between 5-19 years. The criterion for tooth emergence was the appearance of the tooth through the gingivae. Descriptive statistics were calculated and probit regression analysis performed to determine the mean age of emergence of the permanent dentition. The mean age at emergence was found to conform to general trends, with emergence seen earlier in girls than in boys. Comparisons were made with the Chinese (Hong Kong) and the Punjabi (Chandigarh) profiles, which showed earlier emergence timings in those ethnic groups. The emergence timing in Malays, however, was earlier than in Thais (Central Thailand). The sequence of emergence was determined by referring to the mean age of tooth emergence of individual teeth and conforms to the general trend seen in other studies.